In the world of computer and network security, there are...

In the world of computer and network security, there are myriad ways to launch an attack, which, from the perspective of a network, can usually be defined as traffic that has vicious intent. There are infinite computer attacks that no firewall can prevent, such as those executed locally on the machine by a malicious user. From the networks perspective, there are numerous types of attack. Attacks can be grouped into two types: brute force and precision. Juniper Firewall has the capability to protect against both types of attack. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are one of the most well-known network security threats under brute force attacks, which is largely due to the high-profile way in which they can†¦show more content†¦We can use flows or sessions as a way to determine whether traffic attempting to traverse the firewall is legitimate. We control the state-checking components resident in Juniper Firewall by configuring flow settings. These settings allow you to configure state checking for various conditions on the device. You can use flow settings to protect against TCP hijacking, and to generally ensure that the fire-wall is performing full state processing when desired. We take a case study of attack on a network and perform study of the detection of the malicious packets on a Netscreen Firewall. A new solution for securing enterprise networks will be developed here. 1. INTRODUCTION A number of malicious attacks which causes disruption to the processes has been increased due to an increase in the tremendous expansion in the field of computer networks. The main aim of network administrators is to provide continuous services to which they are intended to. Currently, the main aim of researchers is to provide secure network whereas, little intervention has been given to the quantification of network security which includes assessing of the vulnerability and malicious attacks to these systems. One of the huge networks which has more possibility to malware is an Enterprise Network which is a large and diverse network that connects both major and minor sites within an enterprise.Thesecurity and trustworthiness of Enterprise Networks have been a major concern inShow MoreRelatedIlluminated Manuscripts: The Kindles of the Past Essay1783 Words   |  8 PagesIlluminated Manuscripts Long before the time of kindle and nook, books were a unique object that were handcrafted for the purpose of easy transportation of important information across the empire. Most popularly, these manuscripts were used in churches, monasteries and other significant holy places during the spread of Christianity. This began in the second century with the development of monasteries and covenants. 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80s Music History - 990 Words

MTV MTV galloped through the 80s as a factor of musical taste, style and fashion. During the early 80s, the network helped introduce an entire stable of new music stars. For almost the entirety of the decade of the 80s, MTV was a force to be reckoned with, serving as the music video headquarters for the pop music world. As such, monster 80s artists like the Police, Michael Jackson and Bon Jovi gained great exposure to audiences through their constant appearances in the MTV rotation of videos. As the network gained popularity, it began to diversify programming, introducing a stable of music-themed shows. As the decade drew to a close, MTV began a gradual move away from music programming in favor of content geared toward reality TV†¦show more content†¦His message was one of unity, peace, and a better future for all, a message which many youth from the 1980s responded to. Berlin Wall Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall! n June 12, 1987, President Ronald Reagan spoke the people of West Berlin at the base of the Brandenburg Gate, near the Berlin wall. Due to the amplification system being used, the Presidents words could also be heard on the Eastern (Communist-controlled) side of the wall. The address Reagan delivered that day is considered by many to have affirmed the beginning of the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism. On Nov. 9-11, 1989, the people of a free Berlin tore down that wall. The tearing of the wall represting the reuniting of Germany. Cell Phones In the early 1980s it became more popular to have a car phone. The costs were high. A car phone could cost between $200 and $1000 dollars plus installation. The phone plans in the 1980s were not like they are today. You could get a 30 minute plan for $49 per month. Roaming was extra and long distance was through your long distance carrier. You would receive two bills per month.In the early 1980s the first real bag phones started getting popular. It would cost about $250 for a cheap one and $800 for a really good one. The battery life was limited to about 1 hour and the bags were about the size of a midsized pocket book. The plans were the same as the car phones.TheShow MoreRelatedThe War Showing No Signs Of Ending, The Watergate Scandal And The Vietnam War1360 Words   |  6 PagesDavis Hinshaw Mrs Weide American History II 4 December 2016 The 1980s With the cold war showing no signs of ending, the watergate scandal and the vietnam war it was no surprise that the 1980s were a complete explosion of counterculture and mistrust in the government. The election of former actor Ronald Reagan kickstarted the 1980s with his optimistic ideas he appealed to many americans. He was running against former president Jimmy Carter, Reagan won the election with 51% of electoral vote. 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Bag of Bones CHAPTER TWO Free Essays

I never suffered from writer’s block during the ten years of my marriage, and did not suffer it immediately after Johanna’s death. I was in fact so unfamiliar with the condition that it had pretty well set in before I knew anything out of the ordinary was going on. I think this was because in my heart I believed that such conditions only affected ‘literary† types of the sort who are discussed, deconstructed, and sometimes dismissed in the New York Review of Books. We will write a custom essay sample on Bag of Bones CHAPTER TWO or any similar topic only for you Order Now My writing career and my marriage covered almost exactly the same span. I finished the first draft of my first novel, Being Two, not long after Jo and I became officially engaged (I popped an opal ring on the third finger of her left hand, a hundred and ten bucks at Day’s Jewellers, and quite a bit more than I could afford at the time . . . but Johanna seemed utterly thrilled with it), and I finished my last novel, All the Way from the Top, about a month after she was declared dead. This was the one about the psychotic killer with the love of high places. It was published in the fall of 1995. I have published other novels since then a paradox I can explain but I don’t think there’ll be a Michael Noonan novel on any list in the foreseeable future. I know what writer’s block is now, all right. I know more about it than I ever wanted to. When I hesitantly showed Jo the first draft of Being Two, she read it in one evening, curled up in her favorite chair, wearing nothing but panties and a tee-shirt with the Maine black bear on the front, drinking glass after glass of iced tea. I went out to the garage (we were renting a house in Bangor with another couple on as shaky financial ground as we were. . and no, Jo and I weren’t quite married at that point, although as far as I know, that opal ring never left her finger) and puttered aimlessly, feeling like a guy in a New Yorker cartoon one of those about funny fellows in the delivery waiting room. As I remember, I fucked up a so-simple-a-child-can-do-it birdhouse kit and almost cut off the index finger of my left hand. Every twenty minutes or so I’d go back inside and peek at Jo. If she noticed, she gave no sign. I took that as hopeful. I was sitting on the back stoop, looking up at the stars and smoking, when she came out, sat down beside me, and put her hand on the back of my neck. ‘Well?’ I said. ‘It’s good,’ she said. ‘Now why don’t you come inside and do me?’ And before I could answer, the panties she had been wearing dropped in my lap in a little whisper of nylon. Afterward, lying in bed and eating oranges (a vice we later outgrew), I asked her: ‘Good as in publishable?’ ‘Well,’ she said, ‘I don’t know anything about the glamorous world of publishing, but I’ve been reading for pleasure all my life Curious George was my first love, if you want to know ‘ ‘I don’t.’ She leaned over and popped an orange segment into my mouth, her breast warm and provocative against my arm. ‘ and I read this with great pleasure. My prediction is that your career as a reporter for the Derry News is never going to survive its rookie stage. I think I’m going to be a novelist’s wife.’ Her words thrilled me actually brought goosebumps out on my arms. No, she didn’t know anything about the glamorous world of publishing, but if she believed, I believed . . . and belief turned out to be the right course. I got an agent through my old creative-writing teacher (who read my novel and damned it with faint praise, seeing its commercial qualities as a kind of heresy, I think), and the agent sold Being Two to Random House, the first publisher to see it. Jo was right about my career as a reporter, as well. I spent four months covering flower shows, drag races, and bean suppers at about a hundred a week before my first check from Random House came in $27,000, after the agent’s commission had been deducted. I wasn’t in the newsroom long enough to get even that first minor bump in salary, but they had a going-away party for me just the same. At Jack’s Pub, this was, now that I think of it. There was a banner hung over the tables in the back room which said GOOD LUCK MIKE WRITE ON! Later, when we got home, Johanna said that if envy was acid, there would have been nothing left of me but my belt-buckle and three teeth. Later, in bed with the lights out the last orange eaten and the last cigarette shared I said, ‘No one’s ever going to confuse it with Look Homeward, Angel, are they?’ My book, I meant. She knew it, just as she knew I had been fairly depressed by my old creative-writing teacher’s response to Two. ‘You aren’t going to pull a lot of frustrated-artist crap on me, are you?’ she asked, getting up on one elbow. ‘If you are, I wish you’d tell me now, so I can pick up one of those do-it-yourself divorce kits first thing in the morning.’ I was amused, but also a little hurt. ‘Did you see that first press release from Random House?’ I knew she had. ‘They’re just about calling me V. C. Andrews with a prick, for God’s sake.’ ‘Well,’ she said, lightly grabbing the object in question, ‘you do have a prick. As far as what they’re calling you . . . Mike, when I was in third grade, Patty Banning used to call me a booger-hooker. But I wasn’t.’ ‘Perception is everything.’ ‘Bullshit.’ She was still holding my dick and now gave it a formidable squeeze that hurt a little and felt absolutely wonderful at the same time. That crazy old trouser mouse never really cared what it got in those days, as long as there was a lot of it. ‘Happiness is everything. Are you happy when you write, Mike?’ ‘Sure.’ It was what she knew, anyway. ‘And does your conscience bother you when you write?’ ‘When I write, there’s nothing I’d rather do except this,’ I said, and rolled on top of her. ‘Oh dear,’ she said in that prissy little voice that always cracked me up. ‘There’s a penis between us.’ And as we made love, I realized a wonderful thing or two: that she had meant it when she said she really liked my book (hell, I’d known she liked it just from the way she sat in the wing chair reading it, with a lock of hair falling over her brow and her bare legs tucked beneath her), and that I didn’t need to be ashamed of what I had written . . . not in her eyes, at least. And one other wonderful thing: her perception, joined with my own to make the true binocular vision nothing but marriage allows, was the only perception that mattered. Thank God she was a Maugham fan. I was V. C. Andrews with a prick for ten years . . . fourteen, if you add in the post-Johanna years. The first five were with Random; then my agent got a huge offer from Putnam and I jumped. You’ve seen my name on a lot of bestseller lists . . . if, that is, your Sunday paper carries a list that goes up to fifteen instead of just listing the top ten. I was never a Clancy, Ludlum, or Grisham, but I moved a fair number of hardcovers (V. C. Andrews never did, Harold Oblowski, my agent, told me once; the lady was pretty much a paperback phenomenon) and once got as high as number five on the Times list . . . that was with my second book, The Red-Shirt Man. Ironically, one of the books that kept me from going higher was Steel Machine, by Thad Beaumont (writing as George Stark). The Beaumonts had a summer place in Castle Rock back in those days, not even fifty miles south of our place on Dark Score Lake. Thad’s dead now. Suicide. I don’t know if it had anything to do with writer’s block or not. I stood just outside the magic circle of the mega-bestsellers, but I never minded that. We owned two homes by the time I was thirty-one: the lovely old Edwardian in Derry and, in western Maine, a lakeside log home almost big enough to be called a lodge that was Sara Laughs, so called by the locals for nearly a century. And we owned both places free and clear at a time of life when many couples consider themselves lucky just to have fought their way to mortgage approval on a starter home. We were healthy, faithful, and with our fun-bones still fully attached. I wasn’t Thomas Wolfe (not even Tom Wolfe or Tobias Wolff), but I was being paid to do what I loved, and there’s no gig on earth better than that; it’s like a license to steal. I was what midlist fiction used to be in the forties: critically ignored, genre-oriented (in my case the genre was Lovely Young Woman on Her Own Meets Fascinating Stranger), but well compensated and with the kind of shabby acceptance accorded to state-sanctioned whorehouses in Nevada, the feeling seeming to be that some outlet for the baser instincts should be provided and someone had to do That Sort of Thing. I did That Sort of Thing enthusiastically (and sometimes with Jo’s enthusiastic connivance, if I came to a particularly problematic plot crossroads), and at some point around the time of George Bush’s election, our accountant told us we were millionaires. We weren’t rich enough to own a jet (Grisham) or a pro football team (Clancy), but by the standards of Derry, Maine, we were quite rolling in it. We made love thousands of times, saw thousands of movies, read thousands of books (Jo storing hers under her side of the bed at the end of the day, more often than not). And perhaps the greatest blessing was that we never knew how short the time was. More than once I wondered if breaking the ritual is what led to the writer’s block. In the daytime, I could dismiss this as supernatural twaddle but at night that was harder to do. At night your thoughts have an unpleasant way of slipping their collars and running free. And if you’ve spent most of your adult life making fictions, I’m sure those collars are even looser and the dogs less eager to wear them. Was it Shaw or Oscar Wilde who said a writer was a man who had taught his mind to misbehave? And is it really so far-fetched to think that breaking the ritual might have played a part in my sudden and unexpected (unexpected by me, at least) silence? When you make your daily bread in the land of make-believe, the line between what is and what seems to be is much finer. Painters sometimes refuse to paint without wearing a certain hat, and baseball players who are hitting well won’t change their socks. The ritual started with the second book, which was the only one I remember being nervous about I suppose I’d absorbed a fair amount of that sophomore-jinx stuff; the idea that one hit might only be a fluke. I remember an American Lit lecturer’s once saying that of modern American writers, only Harper Lee had found a foolproof way of avoiding the second-book blues. When I reached the end of The Red-Shirt Man, I stopped just short of finishing. The Edwardian on Benton Street in Derry was still two years in the future at that point, but we had purchased Sara Laughs, the place on Dark Score (not anywhere near as furnished as it later became, and Jo’s studio not yet built, but nice), and that’s where we were. I pushed back from my typewriter I was still clinging to my old IBM Selectric in those days and went into the kitchen. It was mid-September, most of the summer people were gone, and the crying of the loons on the lake sounded inexpressibly lovely. The sun was going down, and the lake itself had become a still and heatless plate of fire. This is one of the most vivid memories I have, so clear I sometimes feel I could step right into it and live it all again. What things, if any, would I do differently? I sometimes wonder about that. Early that evening I had put a bottle of Taittinger and two flutes in the fridge. Now I took them out, put them on a tin tray that was usually employed to transport pitchers of iced tea or Kool-Aid from the kitchen to the deck, and carried it before me into the living room. Johanna was deep in her ratty old easy chair, reading a book (not Maugham that night but William Denbrough, one of her contemporary favorites). ‘Ooo,’ she said, looking up and marking her place. ‘Champagne, what’s the occasion?’ As if, you understand, she didn’t know. ‘I’m done,’ I said. ‘Mon livre est tout fini.’ ‘Well,’ she said, smiling and taking one of the flutes as I bent down to her with the tray, ‘then that’s all right, isn’t it?’ I realize now that the essence of the ritual the part that was alive and powerful, like the one true magic word in a mouthful of gibberish was that phrase. We almost always had champagne, and she almost always came into the office with me afterward for the other thing, but not always. Once, five years or so before she died, she was in Ireland, vacationing with a girlfriend, when I finished a book. I drank the champagne by myself that time, and entered the last line by myself as well (by then I was using a Macintosh which did a billion different things and which I used for only one) and never lost a minute’s sleep over it. But I called her at the inn where she and her friend Bryn were staying; I told her I had finished, and listened as she said the words I’d called to hear words that slipped into an Irish telephone line, travelled to a microwave transmitter, rose like a prayer to some satellite, and then came back down to my ear: ‘Well, then that’s all right, isn’t it?’ This custom began, as I say, after the second book. When we’d each had a glass of champagne and a refill, I took her into the office, where a single sheet of paper still stuck out of my forest-green Selectric. On the lake, one last loon cried down dark, that call that always sounds to me like something rusty turning slowly in the wind. ‘I thought you said you were done,’ she said. ‘Everything but the last line,’ I said. ‘The book, such as it is, is dedicated to you, and I want you to put down the last bit.’ She didn’t laugh or protest or get gushy, just looked at me to see if I really meant it. I nodded that I did, and she sat in my chair. She had been swimming earlier, and her hair was pulled back and threaded through a white elastic thing. It was wet, and two shades darker red than usual. I touched it. It was like touching damp silk. ‘Paragraph indent?’ she asked, as seriously as a girl from the steno pool about to take dictation from the big boss. ‘No,’ I said, ‘this continues.’ And then I spoke the line I’d been holding in my head ever since I got up to pour the champagne.'†He slipped the chain over her head, and then the two of them walked down the steps to where the car was parked.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She typed it, then looked around and up at me expectantly. ‘That’s it,’ I said. ‘You can write The End, I guess.’ Jo hit the RETURN button twice, centered the carriage, and typed The End under the last line of prose, the IBM’s Courier type ball (my favorite) spinning out the letters in their obedient dance. ‘What’s the chain he slips over her head?’ she asked me. ‘You’ll have to read the book to find out.’ With her sitting in my desk chair and me standing beside her, she was in perfect position to put her face where she did. When she spoke, her lips moved against the most sensitive part of me. There were a pair of cotton shorts between us and that was all. ‘Ve haff vays off making you talk,’ she said. ‘I’ll just bet you do,’ I said. I at least made a stab at the ritual on the day I finished All the Way from the Top. It felt hollow, form from which the magical substance had departed, but I’d expected that. I didn’t do it out of superstition but out of respect and love. A kind of memorial, if you will. Or, if you will, Johanna’s real funeral service, finally taking place a month after she was in the ground. It was the last third of September, and still hot the hottest late summer I can remember. All during that final sad push on the book, I kept thinking how much I missed her . . . but that never slowed me down. And here’s something else: hot as it was in Derry, so hot I usually worked in nothing but a pair of boxer shorts, I never once thought of going to our place at the lake. It was as if my memory of Sara Laughs had been entirely wiped from my mind. Perhaps that was because by the time I finished Top, that truth was finally sinking in. She wasn’t just in Ireland this time. My office at the lake is tiny, but has a view. The office in Derry is long, book-lined, and windowless. On this particular evening, the overhead fans there are three of them were on and paddling at the soupy air. I came in dressed in shorts, a tee-shirt, and rubber thong sandals, carrying a tin Coke tray with the bottle of champagne and the two chilled glasses on it. At the far end of that railroad-car room, under an eave so steep I’d had to almost crouch so as not to bang my head when I got up (over the years I’d also had to withstand Jo’s protests that I’d picked the absolute worst place in the room for a workstation), the screen of my Macintosh glowed with words. I thought I was probably inviting another storm of grief -maybe the worst storm but I went ahead anyway . . . and our emotions always surprise us, don’t they? There was no weeping and wailing that night; I guess all that was out of my system. Instead there was a deep and wretched sense of loss the empty chair where she used to like to sit and read, the empty table where she would always set her glass too close to the edge. I poured a glass of champagne, let the foam settle, then picked it up. ‘I’m done, Jo,’ I said as I sat there beneath the paddling fans. ‘So that’s all right, isn’t it?’ There was no response. In light of all that came later, I think that’s worth repeating there was no response. I didn’t sense, as I later did, that I was not alone in a room which appeared empty. I drank the champagne, put the glass back on the Coke tray, then filled the other one. I took it over to the Mac and sat down where Johanna would have been sitting, if not for everyone’s favorite loving God. No weeping and wailing, but my eyes prickled with tears. The words on the screen were these: today wasn’t so bad, she supposed. She crossed the grass to her car, and laughed when she saw the white square of paper under the windshield. Cam Delancey, who refused to be discouraged, or to take no for an answer, had invited her to another of his Thursday-night wine-tasting parties. She took the paper, started to tear it up, then changed her mind and stuck it in the hip pocket of her jeans, instead. ‘No paragraph indent,’ I said, ‘this continues.’ Then I keyboarded the line I’d been holding in my head ever since I got up to get the champagne. There was a whole world out there; Cam Delancey’s wine-tasting was as good a place to start as any. I stopped, looking at the little flashing cursor. The tears were still prickling at the corners of my eyes, but I repeat that there were no cold drafts around my ankles, no spectral fingers at the nape of my neck. I hit RETURN twice. I clicked on CENTER. I typed The End below the last line of prose, and then I toasted the screen with what should have been Jo’s glass of champagne. ‘Here’s to you, babe,’ I said. ‘I wish you were here. I miss you like hell.’ My voice wavered a little on that last word, but didn’t break. I drank the Taittinger, saved my final line of copy, transferred the whole works to floppy disks, then backed them up. And except for notes, grocery lists, and checks, that was the last writing I did for four years. How to cite Bag of Bones CHAPTER TWO, Essay examples

Agency For Network And Information Securityâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Agency For Network And Information Security? Answer: Introduction The agency that gives the security that is related to the cyber space in Europes organizations is known as European Union Agency for Network and Information Security. European Union Agency for Network and Information Security is better known as ENISA. The security related to cyber space is known as Network and Information Security (NIS). The NIS security is provided by the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA). The security of Network and Information Security is carried out that is related to develop and promote the culture of security (Silva, Rocha Guimaraes, 2016). To make Network and Information Security a level up, the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security was set up in the year 2004 in European Union. A developed process of Network and Information Security for the market to function properly European Union Agency for Network and Information Security was implied. The agency of ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security) was introduced to give advice and the related solutions to the problem. It works with the private sector as well as the members of that state in which ENISA is located (Bastl, Mare Tvrd, 2015). The planning that are made to develop the National Cyber Security is exercised by European Union Agency for Network and Information Security and also are concerned with the pan Europeans cyber security (Bartsch Frey, 2017). Cooperation and capacity that are related to CSIRT are also exercised by ENISA and also schedules in increasing the technologies which are owned by private organizations, private technologies that are coming in organizations, adoption of cloud and also to the email ids that are related to cyber threat landscape (CTL). The laws that are tied up with NIS (Network and Information Security) are promoted by European Union Agency for Network and Information Security and it also looks to develop and implement the policy of the European Union. The case study deals with the security of the threat landscape of European Union Agency for Network and Information Security which was recorded in the year 2016. There are almost fifteen types of threats are faced by the cyber sector of the Europe and all the top threats are discussed in details in the ENISA case study. All these data related to cyber attacks that were accessed was recorded in 2016 (Kleineidam et al., 2017). Concentration was given more on attacker and the vectors that attack the cyber space and their related solutions to decrease the attacks on cyber space have been discussed in the European Threat Landscape. The case study deals with all those cyber threats are the ways to solve them are elaborately given in the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security case study. The kill chain methods of all the threats are stated with diagram. There are almost five group of threat including the unintentional damage, hijacking, eavesdropping and interception, ne farious activity, legal threats and the organizational threats (Hnisch Rogge, 2017). Threats agents are discussed and their relative good practices to mitigate threats are also showcased in the given case study. The following diagram shows the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security landscape infrastructure is given below. The categorizations that are done for cyber threats for Europe are grouped mainly in five sectors. Threat group 1 includes: unintentional damage or the loss of IT assets and information or data. Threat group 2 includes: hijacking, eavesdropping and interception. Threat group 3 includes: nefarious abuse and their activities. Threat group 3 contains the legal threats and lastly threat group 4 contains threats that comes from the organization itself or may be known as the intentional threats. Unintentional damage or the loss of IT assets and Information or data: This group of threat includes erroneous or unintentional intervention, devices that are lost and sharing and leakage of data caused due to human error. The threats that are not done intentionally by the organizations or humans are known as the accidental threats. This accidental threat occurs due to clerical errors, slips that are skill based and the misconfiguration, management of poor patch, using user names that are default and the passwords that are easy to guess. The mistakes that are also based on knowledge which includes crashes and update of software, procedural flaws and integration problems are also included accidental threats (Lanfer, 2017). The Computer Associate and the other sources that provides security also announced that threats come from APIs that are insecure, social networks, photo sharing in mobile, video sharing, snapchat and may be due to data breach and also facebook. For instance, if the Big data duplicates the data records to ten times and then divides the copies to again ten nodes of storage for some of the reasons or other, the nodes may come to an end where it changes the robustness of security at different levels. And also the probability of data leak and data disclosure is also increased. This is considered as a major drawback of design of Big Data. Hijacking, Eavesdropping and Interception: The software distribution of big data is done by Hadoop, MongoDB63, Cassandra or Couchbase (Stupka, Hork Husk, 2017). All the software maintains a protocol that gives integrity and data confidentiality that are done between application communications enabled by changing the default passwords. Nefarious abuse and their activities: The information that is managed and stored in big data that are needed to access financial account and personal data such as payment, billing details and credit card details. This sector is mainly targeted by the cyber criminals. The profiling of data that are stored by big data also describes preferences, travel, habits and behavior and creates much bigger opportunity to identify the thieves (Kubicek Diederich, 2015). The generic threats that are mostly affects the components of ICT of infrastructure are exploit kits that allows malware infections and viruses, worms that allows distribution of the copies of infectious malware over the network, Trojan are small infectious malware that increases the unauthorized access of computer system, trapdoors and backdoors are the entry points that are undocumented in computer system and also service spoofing that attacks the computer system in falsifying the data and gets such advantages. Legal Threats: The data storage that comes under directive of data protection in Europe are needed to compile with the compliancy law of data security throughout the lifecycle of the data, the personal data that are kept personal for employees and the customers and the guarantee that is given for the security of the cyber threat by implementing cloud provider. Organizational Threats: The analysis of datasets that are large can undergo new signs of innovation and productivity and also unlocks the values that ate significant (Christou, 2017). The policy makers and the companies must handle the threats that are related to cyber space. Most significant Threat- The most significant group that is identified as most dangerous group of threat is the nefarious abuse and their activities (Eininger, Skopik Fiedler, 2015). The information that is managed and stored in big data that are needed to access financial account and personal data such as payment, billing details and credit card details. This sector is mainly targeted by the cyber criminals. The profiling of data that are stored by big data also describes preferences, travel, habits and behavior and creates much bigger opportunity to identify the thieves. The generic threats that are mostly affects the components of ICT of infrastructure are exploit kits that allows malware infections and viruses, worms that allows distribution of the copies of infectious malware over the network, Trojan are small infectious malware that increases the unauthorized access of computer system, trapdoors and backdoors are the entry points that are undocumented in computer system and al so service spoofing that attacks the computer system in falsifying the data and gets such advantages (Schneider, 2017). The threats coming under nefarious threats are infected code, denial of services, activities or software, unused audit tools, using duplicate certificates, unauthorized activities, authorization abuse, failure processes in business and identity fraud. Threat agents are those people who come in group or something in group that has some good capabilities and intension to cope up with the threat and also records the activities that has already occurred (Jentzsch, 2016). The threats coming from which particular groups of agent are very difficult to detect for the owners of asset of big data. The categories of threat agents of ENISA Threat Landscape (ETL) are: Corporations: Some of the enterprises and organizations use very offensive and bad tricks in their procedures. Such type of enterprises and organizations are considered as the hostile agent of threat (Bendiek, 2015). The main motives of these types of hostile agents are building advantage in competitive markets over competitors. Related with their sector and size, significant capabilities are usually possessed that ranges from intelligence of human engineering to technology especially in the sectors in which they are expert. Cyber criminals: The main objective of cyber criminals are they gain financially and their skill levels are also too high to cope up with. The nature of cyber criminals is they are hostile. The attack of cyber criminals can be of any type including national and international level. Cyber terrorists: Cyber terrorists expanded their own activities and are also engaged themselves in cyber space attacks. The main objective of cyber criminals are they gain financially and their skill levels are also too high to cope up with. The nature of cyber criminals is they are hostile (Schaumller-Bichl Kolberger, 2016). The attack of cyber criminals can be of any type including national and international level. The attacks that are done by cyber terrorists are mainly in the sector of public health, telecommunications and production. The failures of such systems cause much loss to the government and the society which helps in completion of their motive. Script kiddies: Script kiddies are the copy cats and copy the process of hacking. They mainly attack for the cause of fun (Weber, A., Weber, 2015). No such serious motive is present behind their motive of attack. Script kiddies have low motivation and their capability is very low. They are unskilled and take help of script and programs to attack the server or some system. For the purpose of hacking they mainly take help of some tools to make their attacks more serious. Online social hackers (hacktivists): The begun of hactivists mainly came in the year 2016. Their main motive is to protest some cause and also to make promotion of their cause. The hacktivists mainly attacks on problems of public health, corporations, environmental policy, military institutions and intelligence agencies. Employees: The employees group of threat agents lies in the organizations itself. The analysis of datasets that are large can undergo new signs of innovation and productivity and also unlocks the values that ate significant (Reuter, 2015). The policy makers and the companies must handle the threats that are related to cyber space. The employee threat agent consists of contractors, staffs, security guards and operational staffs of an organization they work in. Mitigate the effect of threat agents: To mitigate the effect of threat agents, threat defenders are appointed. This accidental threat that happens due to clerical errors, slips that are skill based and the misconfiguration, management of poor patch, using user names that are default and the passwords that are easy to guess can be mitigated by the defenders of threat agents (Exchange, 2016). The mistakes that are also based on knowledge which includes crashes and update of software, procedural flaws and integration problems included accidental threats can also be mitigated by the threat defenders. The Computer Associate and the other sources that provides security also finds out way to make the APIs secure and also secure the social networks, photo sharing in mobile, video sharing, and snapchat processes. To processes by which the European Threat Landscape can be improved are as follows: The resource certification (RPKI) should be utilized to give the origin of AS a validation (Catteddu Hogben, 2015). The readers should be made aware of what they are clicking to and what not to click. This decrease the possibility of hacking. Proper policy should be implemented to promote the rules of making the peering secure. Such policies are known as Appropriate Use Policy (AUP). Egress filtering should be done at the base of the router where all the signals comes into so that the traffic can be controlled at the base itself. It the control is done at the base, it can be stopped from expanding those to the systems of the users or the clients. The ETL should inform the organizations to take authorized users who know about all the mitigation processes of the threats. There is also some work of the registrants. They must keep their account details personal and they must not share with anyone. The DNS clients can be secured by deployment of DNSSEC which origins the authentication of DNS of data, data integrity and existence denial that are authenticated. Good practices for the process of routing should cover all the aspects that are related with technical staring from monitoring to filtering. The process of ETL should promote to stop the use of domain names that are taken randomly that are mainly not owned by the internal infrastructure. The top level of domains should not be considered for domain name spaces that are private. The ENISA (European Union Agency for Network and Information Security) should continue to improve the security processes that are related to the threat landscape of Europe. Operators of DNS infrastructures are responsible to develop security rules that administrators can apply to Internet infrastructure assets. However, humans are not immune to mistakes. Moreover, the effect of certain technical security rule may differ depending on the specificities of a given Internet infrastructure (Witt Freudenberg, 2016). There is a drawback in the system configuration the help in security policy. The ENISA also lacks behind the administration that are identical in only one type of group of threat that is DNS and routing. This leads to different outcomes. The gap also comes in operators of an organization. There is also a drawback in the DNS spoofing of the threat landscape. The APIs should be made more secure than that is present in the present protocol. Conclusion The security related to cyber space is known as Network and Information Security (NIS). The NIS security is provided by the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA). The security of Network and Information Security is carried out that is related to develop and promote the culture of security. To make Network and Information Security a level up, the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security was set up in the year 2004 in European Union. A developed process of Network and Information Security for the market to function properly European Union Agency for Network and Information Security was implied. A diagram is shown in this write up that shows the infrastructure of the ENISA Landscape Threat. The case given describes all those cyber threats and the ways to solve them are elaborately given in the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security case study. The kill chain methods of all the threats are stated with diagram. There are almost five group of threat including the unintentional damage, hijacking, eavesdropping and interception, nefarious activity, legal threats and the organizational threats. Threats agents are discussed and their relative good practices to mitigate threats are also detailed in the paper. References Bartsch, M., Frey, S. (2017).State-of-the-art approaches.Incyber strategies for enterprises and authorities(pp. 55-71).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Bastl, M., Mare, M., Tvrd, K. 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Schneider, F. (2017).Reporting requirements in IT security law.Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Silva, KC, Rocha, AA, Guimaraes, FQ (2016, May).Trust in the Cloud from the Sec-SLA in various models as deployment and service.InProceedings of the XII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems on Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems: Information Systems in the Cloud Computing Era Volume 1(pp. 329-336).Brazilian Computer Society. Stupka, V., Hork, M., Husk, M. (2017, August).Protection of personal data in security alert sharing platforms.InProceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security(p.65).ACM. Unger, WJ (2014).Cyber Defense - a national challenge.S F Security and Peace,32(1), 8-16. Weber, A., Weber, D. (2015, December).Governance of critical information technology in open networks.InResponsible Innovation(pp. 151-164).Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Witt, T., Freudenberg, P. (2016).NIS policy.Computer and Law,32(10), 657.